Learning Objectives

• organic reactions and pathways, including equations, reactants, products, reaction conditions and catalysts (specific enzymes not required): 

  • • synthesis of primary haloalkanes and primary alcohols by substitution 

    • addition reactions of alkenes

    • the esterification between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid 

    • hydrolysis of esters

    • pathways for the synthesis of primary amines and carboxylic acids

    • transesterification of plant triglycerides using alcohols to produce biodiesel

    • hydrolytic reactions of proteins, carbohydrates and fats and oils to break down large biomolecules in food to produce smaller molecules

    • condensation reactions to synthesise large biologically important molecules for storage as proteins, starch, glycogen and lipids (fats and oils)

• calculations of percentage yield and atom economy of single-step or overall reaction pathways, and the advantages for society and for industry of developing chemical processes with a high atom economy

• the sustainability of the production of chemicals, with reference to the green chemistry principles of use of renewable feedstocks, catalysis and designing safer chemicals